Testing colorfastness determines how fabrics and the dyes within them, will react to the cleaning products.
- It is important to test for colorfastness as if colors bleed it is almost impossible to correct the issue.
- Treatments can be applied to the fabric before cleaning process to minimize color damage if bleeding is detected during testing.
Proper testing will allow the correct procedures to be used to minimize color damage and ensure customer satisfaction.
1. Complete a visual inspection
Review the fabric, take note of colors/fabrics that are more likely to bleed:
- multi-colored fabrics
- rich colors (reds)
- natural fibers (Silk, cotton, acetate, nylon)
- natural dyes
- certain weaves (brocade, tapestry, and damask)
- decorative fabrics
Realize all fabrics can bleed. Age, pollution, UV exposure, pollutants etc. can all affect colorfastness.
Rayon is prone to shrinkage in the cleaning process, additional tests should be completed for items that contain a high percentage of rayon.
2. Obtain client's approval to proceed with colorfastness test
Explain to customer:
- Reason for the test
- Potential effects of the test
- How the results will help the process moving forward
Address any concerns and answer any questions before moving forward.
3. Find an inconspicuous location on the fabric
Suggested areas:
- Zippers
- Beneath skirting
- Low down in chair backs/between cushions
- Corners
- Spaces that will remain underneath something
Be aware a second location may be needed for more in-depth testing.
4. Apply the cleaning product(s)
Apply any cleaning product(s)/solution(s) at full strength that will be used for the cleaning process to both sides of the fabric.
Fabric protection is usually stronger in these areas due to lack of wear, applying cleaner to both sides will help ensure better test results.
5. Add water
If fabric is to be cleaned with hot water, test with hot water! Hot water will significantly change the outcome of the cleaning process.
Failing to test with hot water then proceeding to wash fabric with hot water can lead to poor outcomes.
6. Clamp test area with an absorbent pad/cloth
DO NOT RUB. The mechanical action of rubbing can change dyes and affect test results.
- Some dye will rub off, but would not actually bleed during the wash process.
- Dyes that tend to bleed over time (during washing) do not tend to rub off.
Rubbing can also cause unnecessary damage to the fabric.
7. Allow time for colors to bleed
It is important to wait the allotted amount of time for the fabric to be properly tested.
Rushing a test can lead to incorrect results.
8. Check for signs of color bleeding
Look at the product for any signs of color bleeding/discoloration
Check both appearance and texture.
Review absorbent cloth for any signs of color bleeding, including:
- Watermarks
- Outlines of color (rings)
The smallest amount of dye transfer indicates that the fabric is NOT colorfast.
Additional testing will need to be done, and preventative treatments will need to be investigated.
If dye transfer is detected discuss this, and the steps for moving ahead, with the client.
9. Proceed with next steps
If no bleeding is detected, obtain clients approval to continue with full cleaning process.
If bleeding is detected, create plan to complete additional testing/other treatment options.
